Common NameUrea
DescriptionUrea is a highly soluble organic compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. Urea is formed in a cyclic pathway known simply as the urea cycle. In this cycle, amino groups donated by ammonia and L-aspartate are converted to urea. Urea is essentially a waste product; it has no physiological function. It is dissolved in blood (in humans in a concentration of 2.5 - 7.5 mmol/liter) and excreted by the kidney in the urine. In addition, a small amount of urea is excreted (along with sodium chloride and water) in human sweat. Urea is found to be associated with primary hypomagnesemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
Structure
Molecular FormulaCH4N2O
Average Mass60.05530
Monoisotopic Mass60.03236
IUPAC Nameurea
Traditional NameUrea
CAS Registry Number57-13-6
SMILESNC(N)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
InChI KeyXSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CHEBI IDCHEBI:16199
HMDB IDHMDB0000294
Pathways
NameSMPDB/PathBank
Arginine and proline metabolism
Citrullinemia Type I
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency
Argininosuccinic Aciduria
D-Arginine and D-Ornithine Metabolism
Urea Cycle
Chlorothiazide Action Pathway
Polythiazide Action Pathway
Methyclothiazide Action Pathway
Bumetanide Action Pathway
Bendroflumethiazide Action Pathway
Quinethazone Action Pathway
Ethacrynic Acid Action Pathway
Hydrochlorothiazide Action Pathway
Cyclothiazide Action Pathway
Metolazone Action Pathway
Hydroflumethiazide Action Pathway
Indapamide Action Pathway
Furosemide Action Pathway
Torsemide Action Pathway
Trichlormethiazide Action Pathway
Chlorthalidone Action Pathway
Triamterene Action Pathway
Amiloride Action Pathway
Spironolactone Action Pathway
Eplerenone Action Pathway
Glucose Transporter Defect (SGLT2)
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency)
Hartnup Disorder
Iminoglycinuria
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTC Deficiency)
Prolidase Deficiency (PD)
Prolinemia Type II
Argininemia
Hyperprolinemia Type II
Hyperprolinemia Type I
Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency)
Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)
Kidney Function
Creatine deficiency, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency
Hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (HOGA)
Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome]
L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency
Blue diaper syndrome
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI)
Cystinuria
StateNot Available
Water Solubility4.12e+02 g/l
logP-1.78
logS0.84
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.73
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.37
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1
Hydrogen Donor Count2
Polar Surface Area69.11 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count0
Physiological Charge0
Formal Charge0
Refractivity13.14 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability5.10

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