Common NameHydrogencarbonate
DescriptionBicarbonate, or hydrogen carbonate, is a simple single carbon molecule that plays surprisingly important roles in diverse biological processes. Among these are photosynthesis, the Krebs cycle, whole-body and cellular pH regulation, and volume regulation. Since bicarbonate is charged it is not permeable to lipid bilayers. Mammalian membranes thus contain bicarbonate transport proteins to facilitate the specific transmembrane movement of HCO3(-). Bicarbonate ion is an anion that consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens. The bicarbonate ion carries a negative one formal charge and is the conjugate base of carbonic acid, H2CO3. The carbonate radical is an elusive and strong one-electron oxidant. Bicarbonate in equilibrium with carbon dioxide constitutes the main physiological buffer. The bicarbonate-carbon dioxide pair stimulates the oxidation, peroxidation and nitration of several biological targets. The demonstration that the carbonate radical existed as an independent species in aqueous solutions at physiological pH and temperature renewed the interest in the pathophysiological roles of this radical and related species. The carbonate radical has been proposed to be a key mediator of the oxidative damage resulting from peroxynitrite production, xanthine oxidase turnover and superoxide dismutase1 peroxidase activity. The carbonate radical has also been proposed to be responsible for the stimulatory effects of the bicarbonate-carbon dioxide pair on oxidations mediated by hydrogen peroxide/transition metal ions. The ultimate precursor of the carbonate radical anion being bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, peroxymonocarbonate or complexes of transition metal ions with bicarbonate-derived species remains a matter of debate. The carbonate radical mediates some of the pathogenic effects of peroxynitrite. The carbonate radical as the oxidant produced from superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, SOD1) peroxidase activity. Peroxymonocarbonate is a biological oxidant, whose existence is in equilibrium with hydrogen peroxide and bicarbonate (PMID: 17505962 , 17215880 ). Hydrogen carbonate is found to be associated with hawkinsinuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
Structure
Molecular FormulaCH2O3
Average Mass62.02480
Monoisotopic Mass62.00039
IUPAC Namehydrogen carbonate
Traditional NameBicarbonate
CAS Registry Number71-52-3
SMILESO=C([O-])O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)
InChI KeyBVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CHEBI IDCHEBI:17544
HMDB IDHMDB0000595
Pathways
NameSMPDB/PathBank
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Propanoate metabolism
Citric Acid Cycle
Urea Cycle
Glutamate Metabolism
Chlorothiazide Action Pathway
Polythiazide Action Pathway
Methyclothiazide Action Pathway
Bumetanide Action Pathway
Bendroflumethiazide Action Pathway
Quinethazone Action Pathway
Ethacrynic Acid Action Pathway
Hydrochlorothiazide Action Pathway
Cyclothiazide Action Pathway
Metolazone Action Pathway
Hydroflumethiazide Action Pathway
Indapamide Action Pathway
Furosemide Action Pathway
Torsemide Action Pathway
Trichlormethiazide Action Pathway
Chlorthalidone Action Pathway
Gluconeogenesis
Triamterene Action Pathway
Amiloride Action Pathway
Spironolactone Action Pathway
Eplerenone Action Pathway
2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D And L Form)
2-Methyl-3-Hydroxybutryl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type I
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type III
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IV
Beta Ureidopropionase Deficiency
Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency
Dihydropyrimidinase Deficiency
Glucose Transporter Defect (SGLT2)
Hartnup Disorder
Iminoglycinuria
Leigh Syndrome
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance
Malonic Aciduria
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Methylmalonic Aciduria
Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders
MNGIE (Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy)
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency
UMP Synthase Deficiency (Orotic Aciduria)
Esomeprazole Action Pathway
Omeprazole Action Pathway
Lansoprazole Action Pathway
Pantoprazole Action Pathway
Rabeprazole Action Pathway
Ranitidine Action Pathway
Famotidine Action Pathway
Cimetidine Action Pathway
Nizatidine Action Pathway
Propionic Acidemia
3-Methylcrotonyl Coa Carboxylase Deficiency Type I
Isovaleric Aciduria
4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria/Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Pirenzepine Action Pathway
Lactic Acidemia
Pyruvate Decarboxylase E1 Component Deficiency (PDHE1 Deficiency)
Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome
Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency
Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I
Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke Disease
Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Homocarnosinosis
Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation
Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria
Kidney Function
Malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency
3-hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase deficiency
3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria
Isobutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency
Isovaleric acidemia
Congenital lactic acidosis
Fumarase deficiency
Mitochondrial complex II deficiency
2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E3)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E2)
Primary hyperoxaluria II, PH2
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1 (PEPCK1)
Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency
Triosephosphate isomerase
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Glycogenosis, Type IB
Glycogenosis, Type IC
Glycogenosis, Type IA. Von gierke disease
Blue diaper syndrome
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI)
Gastric Acid Production
Warburg Effect
Cystinuria
Roxatidine acetate Action Pathway
Metiamide Action Pathway
Betazole Action Pathway
The oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate
The Oncogenic Action of Succinate
The Oncogenic Action of Fumarate
Glutaminolysis and Cancer
The oncogenic action of L-2-hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria
The oncogenic action of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria
Lafutidine H2-Antihistamine Action
StateNot Available
Water Solubility7.32e+02 g/l
logP-0.20
logS0.97
pKa (Strongest Acidic)6.05
pKa (Strongest Basic)Not Available
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3
Hydrogen Donor Count1
Polar Surface Area60.36 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count0
Physiological Charge-1
Formal Charge-1
Refractivity20.34 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability3.86

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