Common NameChloride
DescriptionUnder standard conditions, chlorine exists as a diatomic molecule. Chlorine is a highly toxic, pale yellow-green gas that has a specific strong smell. In nature, chlorine is most abundant as a chloride ion. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. The chloride ion is an essential anion that the body needs for many critical functions. It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. Chloride ions have important physiological roles. For instance, in the central nervous system, the inhibitory action of glycine and some of the action of GABA relies on the entry of Cl- into specific neurons. Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood's capacity of carbon dioxide, in the form of the bicarbonate ion. Chloride-transporting proteins (CLC) play fundamental roles in many tissues in the plasma membrane as well as in intracellular membranes. CLC proteins form a gene family that comprises nine members in mammals, at least four of which are involved in human genetic diseases. GABA(A) receptors are pentameric complexes that function as ligand-gated chloride ion channels. WNK kinases are a family of serine-threonine kinases that have been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, and they are found in diverse epithelia throughout the body that are involved in chloride ion flux. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by alterations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTCR) gene that result in deranged sodium and chloride ion transport channels. (PMID: 17539703 , 17729441 , 17562499 , 15300163 ) (For a complete review see Evans, Richard B. Chlorine: state of the art. Lung (2005), 183(3), 151-167. PMID: 16078037 ).
Structure
Molecular FormulaCl
Average Mass35.45300
Monoisotopic Mass34.96885
IUPAC Namechloride
Traditional NameChloride
CAS Registry Number16887-00-6
SMILES[Cl-]
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1
InChI KeyVEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CHEBI IDCHEBI:17996
HMDB IDHMDB0000492
Pathways
NameSMPDB/PathBank
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism
Chlorothiazide Action Pathway
Polythiazide Action Pathway
Methyclothiazide Action Pathway
Bumetanide Action Pathway
Bendroflumethiazide Action Pathway
Quinethazone Action Pathway
Ethacrynic Acid Action Pathway
Hydrochlorothiazide Action Pathway
Cyclothiazide Action Pathway
Metolazone Action Pathway
Hydroflumethiazide Action Pathway
Indapamide Action Pathway
Furosemide Action Pathway
Torsemide Action Pathway
Trichlormethiazide Action Pathway
Chlorthalidone Action Pathway
Triamterene Action Pathway
Amiloride Action Pathway
Spironolactone Action Pathway
Eplerenone Action Pathway
Benazepril Action Pathway
Captopril Action Pathway
Cilazapril Action Pathway
Enalapril Action Pathway
Fosinopril Action Pathway
Lisinopril Action Pathway
Moexipril Action Pathway
Perindopril Action Pathway
Quinapril Action Pathway
Ramipril Action Pathway
Rescinnamine Action Pathway
Spirapril Action Pathway
Trandolapril Action Pathway
Candesartan Action Pathway
Eprosartan Action Pathway
Forasartan Action Pathway
Irbesartan Action Pathway
Losartan Action Pathway
Olmesartan Action Pathway
Telmisartan Action Pathway
Valsartan Action Pathway
Glucose Transporter Defect (SGLT2)
Hartnup Disorder
Iminoglycinuria
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance
Esomeprazole Action Pathway
Omeprazole Action Pathway
Lansoprazole Action Pathway
Pantoprazole Action Pathway
Rabeprazole Action Pathway
Ranitidine Action Pathway
Famotidine Action Pathway
Cimetidine Action Pathway
Nizatidine Action Pathway
Pirenzepine Action Pathway
Cyclophosphamide Action Pathway
Ifosfamide Action Pathway
Kidney Function
Glycogen synthetase deficiency
Glycogenosis, Type III. Cori disease, Debrancher glycogenosis
Glycogenosis, Type IV. Amylopectinosis, Anderson disease
Glycogenosis, Type VI. Hers disease
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI. Sly syndrome
Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency
Blue diaper syndrome
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI)
Angiotensin Metabolism
Gastric Acid Production
Benazepril Metabolism Pathway
Cilazapril Metabolism Pathway
Enalapril Metabolism Pathway
Fosinopril Metabolism Pathway
Moexipril Metabolism Pathway
Quinapril Metabolism Pathway
Ramipril Metabolism Pathway
Spirapril Metabolism Pathway
Trandolapril Metabolism Pathway
Cyclophosphamide Metabolism Pathway
Ifosfamide Metabolism Pathway
Cystinuria
Temocapril Action Pathway
Roxatidine acetate Action Pathway
Metiamide Action Pathway
Betazole Action Pathway
Lafutidine H2-Antihistamine Action
StateNot Available
Water SolubilityNot Available
logP0.61
logSNot Available
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-7.00
pKa (Strongest Basic)Not Available
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0
Hydrogen Donor Count0
Polar Surface Area0 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count0
Physiological Charge-1
Formal Charge-1
Refractivity5.62 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability2.39

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