| Description | 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (AP-3 or 2-AP3), also known as 3-phosphonoalanine, is a non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. It is found in many organisms ranging from microbes to invertebrates to animals. In humans AP-3 is found in diverse tissues, such as liver, intestine and spleen. (PMID: 2627760 ). 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid is a ubiquitous naturally occurring phosphonate used as a source of phosphorus by many prokaryotic organisms (PMID: 30119975 ). The natural occurrence of 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid. the phosphonate analogue of aspartic acid, was first reported by Kittredge & Hughes (PMID: 14214094 ) in the sea anemone Zoanthus sociatus and the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis. It has since been established to be one of the most widely distributed of the biogenic C-P compounds, particularly among the lower marine invertebrates (PMID: 19191873 ). AP-3 has been determined to be a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (PMID: 8836635 ). It has been shown to block the amyloid precursor protein (APP) release evoked by glutamate receptor stimulation in neurons of the cortex and hippocampus. APP accumulation is believed to produce the damage in Alzheimer’s disease (PMID: 7644542 ). |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H8NO5P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9) |
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